Non-destructive testing (NDT) is an interdisciplinary technology that plays a vital role in
ensuring the quality and structural integrity of components and systems. The NDT is
defined as the identification of the physical condition of materials/structures without
affecting their intended functions . NDT technologies are essential in various industries,
including petrochemical, nuclear, aerospace, construction, automotive, and defence .
Several NDT methods are available based on a particular physical principle . There
exist different NDT methods which are used for inspection of materials/structures such as
visual testing (VT), magnetic particle testing (MPT), radiography testing (RT), liquid
penetrant testing (LPT), ultrasonic testing (UT), vibration testing (VT), eddy current testing(ECT),
infrared thermography testing (IRT) and acoustic emission testing (AET). These
methods are further subdivided into various techniques. These methods and techniques lend
themselves well to specific applications such as structural integrity assessment, online
monitoring, etc. through detection and characterization of damage and defects, e.g., cracks,
porosity, inclusions [10-11]. Judicious selection of methods and techniques is an essential
part according to the area of applications.
S tr u c tur al h ea lth mo ni to ri n g (SHM) is adopted to assess the healthiness/condition of structures through their monitoring
and any damage sensing before failure. SHM is vital for monitoring the health of any
structure to ensure the safety of working personnel and has economic implications [15].
SHM is a new concept in the field of engineering. It is intended for continuous monitoring
of structures in real-time. It also evaluates the structural performance under various external
stimulus to identify damage or deterioration, in order to ensure the healthiness of the
structures/components. Towards the advancement in SHM, many non-destructive testing
methods have been developed over the past three decades.
The structural health monitoring on a continuous real-time basis is essential for
manufacturing, end-users and maintenance teams. SHM system allows optimal use of the
structure, avoidance of catastrophic failure and a minimized downtime. The SHM system,
once correctly implemented, shows improvement in a product and drastically changes
maintenance service. The drastic changes in maintenance philosophy are described in
several publications, particularly for civil infrastructure, military air vehicle, army
systems and civil aircraft