TCP/ IP is a foundational protocol suite enabling internet communication, organized into layers such as the Network Layer for addressing and subnetting, featuring protocols like ARP, RARP, ICMP, and IGMP. The Transport Layer encompasses TCP and UDP, facilitating reliable and connection-oriented or lightweight, connectionless data transmission. At the Application Layer, the client-server model is prominent, with protocols like BOOTP, DHCP, DNS, TELNET,...