In 1836, the French King Louis-Philippe, enthusiastic for southern-hemisphere exploration, supported J. Dumont d'Urville's plan for a circumnavigation focusing on the South Seas. D'Urville (1790-1842) had already distinguished himself on two Pacific expeditions and was eager to rival the achievements of James Cook. Between 1837 and 1840, the ships Astrolabe and Z?l?e explored the waters of the Antarctic area and Oceania in extremely harsh conditions:...
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