Introduction.- Hydroxy, Alkoxy and Aminocarbonylation of C-X bonds.- Reductive carbonylations.- Carbonylative coupling reactions with organometallic reagents.- Carbonylative Sonogashira reactions.- Carbonylative C-H activations.- Carbonylative Heck reactions.- Oxidative carbonylation reactions.- Reaction of C-NO2 with CO.- Applications in total synthesis.- A discussion between carbonylation, noncarbonylation and decarbonylation.- Outlook.