More than four centuries ago in India, a Muslim woman ruled a magnificent empire: Nur Jahan, whose name means "light of the world." Nur led troops into battle atop an elephant, hunted tigers, designed public buildings, and issued coinage and royal decrees in her own name. In a world dominated by men, her astute handling of court politics and affairs of state propelled her to the position of co-sovereign of the vast Mughal empire--and made her mighty...