Foreword Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Introduction1.2 Issues relevant to the L1 in L2 learning and teaching1.2.1 Power and politics1.2.2 Teacher education1.2.3 Teacher cognition1.2.4 Culture of learning1.2.5 Teaching Context1.3 The objectives of the study 1.4 Overview of the thesis Section A Background and Design Chapter 2 The L1 in L2 learning and teaching2.1 Introduction2.2 The role of the L1 in L2 learning2.2.1 Arguments for the negative role of the L1 in L2 learning2.2.2 Arguments for the positive role of the L1 in L2 learning2.3 The L1 in L2 teaching2.3.1 An early attempt to conduct L2 teaching in the L22.3.2 The Grammar-Translation Method2.3.3 The Direct Method2.3.4 The Audiolingual Method2.3.5 Communicative Language Teaching2.3.6 The Natural Approach2.3.7 Summary2.3.8 L2 teaching methods in China2.4 Empirical studies on teachers' L1 and L2 use2.4.1 Quantity of teachers' L1 and L2 use2.4.2 Functions of teachers' L1 use2.4.3 Factors influencing teachers' language choice2.4.4 Teachers' perceptions of L1 use2.4.5 Students' perceptions of their teachers' L1 use2.4.6 Optimal use of the L1 Chapter 3 Code-switching3.1 &n
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