The vital points of the body (kyusho) are important in Japanese martial arts. How and where to strike the points (atemi) and the effects of striking them were originally kept secret. However, in the past 100 years, information on these points has become widely available, allowing them to be compared among sources. A 1977 descriptive review of 35 martial arts books identified 226 alleged vital points, most with information on their location, Japanese...