Prior to the twelfth century in northern Europe, ships were steered by a quarter-rudder, which was mounted on the rear side of the vessel. The use of the quarter-rudder persisted up until the fourteenth century in the Mediterranean. There, two quarter-mounted steering oars were used--a fact that has eluded many, even in the fields of maritime history. Far exceeding anything ever before written on the subject, The Development of the Rudder endeavors...
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