The Barbarian Invasions: History of the Art of War, Volume II

by Hans Delbrück

Book Overview

Moral decadence did not contribute to the fall of the Roman Empire, but political instability that was most strongly reflected in a weakened army did, writes Hans Delbr ck in volume 2 of History of the Art of War. The rise of sectionalism and the constant overthrowing of emperors left the empire without a secure superior authority demanding the loyalty of the legions and without the money to support them. Delbr ck's celebrated work traces the collapse of the Roman military system and its replacement with barbarian mercenaries by the fourth century, following the invasions by the Germanic peoples.

The Barbarian Invasions opens with a discussion of the military organization of the early German tribes, compares it with that of the early Roman legions, and goes on to show how tactics and strategies changed after entire peoples such as the Goths, Vandals, and Burgundians migrated to Roman soil and formed an uneasy alliance with the Romans. It ends with an examination of the decline of the Germanic-Romanic military system in the Middle Ages and the rise of the feudal system.

This Bison Book edition marks the first appearance in paperback of the English translation of volume 2 by Walter J. Renfroe Jr.

• Format: Paperback
• Language: English
• ISBN: 0803292007
• ISBN13: 9780803292000
• Release Date: February 1990
• Publisher: University of Nebraska Press
• Length: 506 Pages
• Weight: 1.48 lbs.
• Dimensions: 1.3" x 6.1" x 9.1"

Customer Reviews

Finally someone who set the record straight

I had been reading both BH Liddel's Hart book on Strategy and JC Fullers "Military History of the Western World". While these books may be more valuable for someone searching a overview of ancient struggles, Delbruk's book shines in the description of ancient warfare.Not only Delbruk is brave enough to argue and discard many things that historians bypass or take as true, like the supossed numerical superiority of the Persians in their conflicts with the Greeks and Macedonians, the true use of elephants in battle or the way the ancient Roman maniples were an improvement to the phalanx. He practically rewrites many battles (Marathon, Salamis, Issus, Zama, Alesia), discarding absurd notions and finding a logical interpretation for the flow of the battle. I my opinion, he describes these battles much better than any other author I've read. However, as noted before, you should have an idea of the general history of the conflicts and their outcome, because Delbruk only discusses pure military aspects. But, if you ever felt that the overwhelming numerical superiority of barbarian armies is a gross exageration or Roman tactics seem absurd, you MUST get this book.

Audacious Revisionist History- From the 19th Century!

Hans Delbruck's "Warfare in Antiquity" is an amazing critical history. Amazing not only because of the startlingly original conclusions it draws, but also because, in the 100+ years since it was written, it still remains the best examination of the practice of ancient warfare.Perhaps this has something to do with the fact that Delbruck, being a Prussian military officer, can instantly sniff out absurdities in the sources that most other historians just credulously accept. The best example of this is Polybius' description of Roman pre-cohort battle formations. According to Polybius, a legion would be arranged in checkerboard fashion so that, during crucial moments in the battle, rear lines of fresh troops could advance and continue the fight while soldiers in the front would withdraw to recuperate. More conscientious historians (see Osprey's "Armies of the Carthaginian Wars") have at least tried to address the problem of why an enemy wouldn't just pour through the gaps in the front line and attack the Romans in the flanks. Only Delbruck has been brave enough, though, to abandon any attempt to reconcile this fanciful description with military reality and argue that, instead of a fighting formation, Polybius' checkerboard square instead describes a pre-battle MARCH formation.This is only one example of how Delbruck persuasively challenges classical warfare's conventional wisdom. He also argues that Darius' invading Persian army was no larger than the allied Greek one that ultimately defeated it at Marathon, that Caesar's brilliant conquest of Gaul was mostly the result of superior maneuverability and logistics, and that, far from regularly destroying barbarian armies more than five times their size, Roman legions could only achieve tactical parity with barbarians whose harsh living conditions made them naturally brave and cohesive warriors.One need not accept all these conclusions (I myself am somewhat skeptical about the last one) to find much of value in this book. At the very least it will make one a more critical and active reader, able to question both less-than-stellar primary sources and the historians who over time have just parroted them.

A fantastic book on late Roman military history

If you are passionate about history or military history, and if you are keen to understand how the powerful Roman civilisation transitioned to a European feudal society, then this book is for you.Hans Delbruck writes at the end of the 19th century and follows the steps of other excellent German historians such as Mommsen. The book, though, could well have been written yesterday. Delbruck's erudition is simply incredible, and the author's intimate knowledge of ancient languages, including old German, allowed him to systematically cross-check what little remains of manuscripts written between the 3rd and 6th century AD. For the reader, the most enjoyable aspect of the narrative is perhaps that it goes right down to a level of details rarely seen in a history book. Following Delbruck's thread of reasoning you can well imagine how Roman legions lived and fought, and how German tribes were socially organised. You can also easily understand the process by which these formidable Roman legions slowly dissolved and how the German political, social and military systems progressively took over in the course of four centuries.The topic itself is extremely complex, not least because of the scarcity of reliable contemporary testimonials. The legends and exagerated tales of huge German hordes crossing the Rhine to destroy a flourishing civilisation are nowadays so entrenched in our Western culture that it takes the patience and intelligence of someone like Delbruck to disentagle the facts.Finally, be warned that this is no historical romance. Delbruck's style is as dry and precise as Germanic scientific litterature can be, and each section is followed by an Excursus in which the author argues around alternative theories.Highly recommended.

A Rare Look at the Truth of Historical Warfare

I stumbled upon this book several years ago while doing research for a computer game concerning ancient warfare and was simply stunned by Delbruck's insights. He lays bare the truth behind the myths we've all grown up believing, and the result is something of an expose, providing such startling conclusions as the fact that the Greeks actually outnumbered the Persians at the battle of Marathon! While much of Delbruck's writing seems to fly in the face of accepted convention, he does such a masterful job of backing up his conclusions with hard facts and indisputable logic that one is rapidly converted to his way of thinking. These books are a rarity in a society that still takes ancient history at face value: Delbruck digs deep to find the truth, and as a result these works (the entire series is fantastic) are vital reading for anyone interested in truly understanding the history of warfare. I can't reccommend these books highly enough.

A wonderful historical guide

I could practically exhaust every superlative in the english vocabulary in prescribing this set of books to anyone interested in understanding the shape of battles and the conflicts involved going back to the Greco-Persian Wars to the Napoleonic Wars. In each book, Delbrük, the consummate modern historian, laboriously constructs as accurate a mantle of the major battles of each conflict meticulously seperating propaganda and myth arriving at the available facts. Delbrück's history is definitely not the digest of novices, and his detached, pedantic scholarship can be overwhelming at times unless you have at least some familiarity with the subject matter. Nevertheless, his forensic masterpiece, really a very long treatise or series of treatise on the evolution of tactical bodies, are of an unparalleled stature, and his conclusions seem to still be in some contention today as they were a hundred years ago. Or, at least, current textbooks have yet to catch up. Some histories still seem to follow Xenephon and Herodotus precisely, and I saw a documentary last year about Ceasar's campaign in Gaul that still portrayed the Romans at the siege of Alesia outnumbered 25 to 1 against the Celtic tribes.Warfare in Antiquity, the first volume, is especially helpfull and stands next to my copies of Livy, Thucydides, Polybius, Herodotus, Arrian, etc. - all the classical histories.