Often regarded as the last great composer in the Austro-Germanic tradition, Gustave Mahler (1860-1911) exerted a major influence on 20th-century music; his later work in particular affected the musical ideas of such composers as Arnold Schoenberg, Dimitri Shostakovich, Alban Berg, and Benjamin Britten.
While his mature work foreshadowed radical elements of modern music -- particularly the dissolution of tonality -- Mahler's first symphonies...