If a consecutive series of patients with lung cancer is followed up until the decision is made about therapy, it emerges that the role of surgery is quite small. Only a very limited proportion will ultimate- ly qualify for rationally conceived surgical therapy; most patients are inoperable. In a series of 397 patients investigated at our hospi- tal, 78% were inoperable on the basis of preoperative evaluation and a further 3% proved nonresectable at...