Homa Katouzian offers a groundbreaking theoretical framework for the study of Modern Iranian history. In the model, he proposes, Katouzian identifies a cycle of arbitrary rule leading to chaos, resulting in a further period of arbitrary rule, degenerating once more into chaos, and so on. The ebb and flow between the despotism of Naser al-din Shah, the confusion and turmoil of the Constitutional Revolution and the late Qajar period, the tough one-man-rule...