Society of Chest Pain Centers' Heart Failure Accreditation.- The Economics and Reimbursement of Congestive Heart Failure.- Regulatory Requirements in Acute Heart Failure.- Quality and Operational Metrics in Heart Failure.- Interaction of Performance Measurements, Staffing, and Facility Requirements for the Heart Failure Observation Unit.- Heart Failure: Epidemiology and Demographics.- Pathophysiology of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.- The Out-of-Hospital Management of Acute Heart Failure.- Dyspnea Assessment and Airway Management in Acute Heart Failure Syndromes Patients.- Volume Assessment in the Emergency Department.- Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Emergency Department Heart Failure.- Emergency Department Therapy of Acute Heart Failure.- Observation Unit Entry Tx and Dispo.- Observation Unit Admission Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria.- Acute Heart Failure in Observation Unit Treatment Protocols.- Education Elements in the Observation Unit for Heart Failure Patients.- Emergency Department and Observation Unit Discharge Criteria.- Effective Discharge Planning.- Outpatient Medication Titration in Acute Heart Failure.- Drugs to Avoid in Acute Heart Failure: Contraindictated Medications and Interactions.- Implications of Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure Management.- Implantable Cardiac Devices in the Short Stay Management of Decompensated Heart Failure.- Heart Failure and Kidney Disease: Management in the Short Stay Unit.- Heart Failure Research in the Emergency Department and Observation Unit.- Appendix: Clinical Pathways, Algorithms, Patient Education Tools, and Discharge Instructions.