In the mid-1850s, no scientist in the British Empire was more visible than Richard Owen. Mentioned in the same breath as Isaac Newton and championed as Britain's answer to France's Georges Cuvier and Germany's Alexander von Humboldt, Owen was, as the Times declared in 1856, the most "distinguished man of science in the country." But, a century and a half later, Owen remains largely obscured by the shadow of the most famous Victorian naturalist of...