The second edition of this book represents a re-editing and in some cases signi- cant rewriting of the original book published in 2001. Substantial editing occurred and new material has been included in the introductory chapter and in Chap. 10, the concluding chapter. The reason for this was to bring forward to 2006 the ori- nal thesis of the book about the need for regions to be prepared to experience - creasingly greater shocks and to have increasingly...