In these papers derived from an international conference held in 1992 in Beijing, Chinese and Western philosophers treat current as well as historically situated issues of realism and anti-realism in the understanding of scientific knowledge. There are four sections: (1) philosophical arguments proper (Hilpinen, Krejci, Musgrave, Niiniluoto, Qiu Renzong, Sfendoni-Mentzou, Bahm, Wallner and Peschl); (2) realism and general methodology (James Brown,...