With the election of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger as Bishop of Rome on April 19, 2005, the Catholic Church for the first time in centuries had a professional theologian as pope. As a theologian, Joseph Ratzinger played a key role at the Second Vatican Council and in the years that followed. As Prefect for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, he watched zealously over Catholic theology in the name of the Church. Now as pope, he has become pastor...