Brazil was one of the most successful examples of state-led industrialization in the post-1945 era. Yet the Brazilian bureaucracy is very fragmented, personalized, and ad hoc. Turnover is high, all policy-relevant positions are subject to political appointment, and officials...
Brazil was one of the most successful examples of state-led industrialization in the post-1945 era. Yet, on the surface, the Brazilian bureaucracy appears highly fragmented, personalized, and ad-hoc. Ben Ross Schneider looks behind this fa\u00e7ade to explain how the Brazilian...