There are 300,000 cases of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) annually, and it carries an associated mortality of 30% to 70%. General risk factors for developing HAP include age more than 70 years, serious comorbidities, malnutrition, impaired consciousness, prolonged hospitalization, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. HAP is the most common infection occurring in patients requiring care in an intensive care unit (ICU). This issue provides...