The purpose of this monograph is two-fold: it introduces a conceptual language for the geometrical objects underlying Painlev equations, and it offers new results on a particular Painlev III equation of type PIII (D6), called PIII (0, 0, 4, -4), describing its relation to isomonodromic families of vector bundles on P1 with meromorphic connections. This equation is equivalent to the radial sine (or sinh) Gordon equation and, as such, it appears...