Coale explores the profound influence that the mesmerist and Nathaniel Hawthorne despised both mesmerism and spiritualism, viewing
spiritualist 'craze' of the 1840s and 1850s had on Hawthorne's artistic
vision and fictional techniques.
these pseudosciences as new incarnations of witchcraft, in which the master-slave
relationship overwhelms all others. Nevertheless, even though he regarded
the psychological paradigm behind these...