Shaykh Mahmud Shaltut (1897-1963) was a scholar and reformer who held the most senior position in Egypt open to Sunni Muslim religious scholars--that of Rector of the Azhar University in Cairo. His period of office (1958-63) was a turbulent time in Egypt and within the Azhar itself, with President Nasser's socialist government initiating a radical reorganization of that institution in accordance with its policy of exerting greater control over the...