In the 1700s, New England colonists used public humiliation, torture, and hanging to punish moral crimes like kissing on a Sunday or skipping church. Jails were filled with rats and disease, and prisoners had to pay for food and blankets. Yet jails didn't turn out to be much of a deterrent. the number of crimes exploded as the population increased and cities grew larger. Over the centuries, American prison reformers have tried to find a way to end...