English summary: Enantiosemy -- a word that signifies both a thing and its opposite -- has not attracted much scholarly attention outside of the Arabic linguistic tradition. This book will therefore show that it is indeed a common phenomenon, both in French and in English. French description: Consideree au depart, dans les celebres articles d'Abel (1884-85), relaye par Freud (1910), comme une aberration linguistique qui ne saurait...