Laparoscopic pyeloplasty in children was first performed in 1995 by Peters et al. Laparoscopic treatment of the pyeloureteral junction was possible in all 6 children. Treatment consisted of pyeloplasty in 3 cases, pyeloplasty with polar vessel unhooking in one case, and transposition of the inferior polar vessel in 2 cases. Mean operative time was 151 min for pyeloplasty and 102.5 min for vascular transposition. Average hospital stay was 1.4 days...