English summary: Why speak of "gentleness" in a world dominated by justice and heroism, in which cruel myths and tragedies abound, and in which the view of human life is harsh and violent? The Iliad is a poem about battles and death. Thucydides' historical works depict the violent physical and moral acts committed in a merciless war. The emergence of a gentleness ideal in Greek thought is an even more extraordinary phenomenon. How did...