Kemp, J. E., (1971). Instructional Design: A Plan for Unit and Course Development. Belmont, CA: Lear Siegler, Inc./Fearon Publishers. Kemp lays out a well developed plan for course development in his book, Instructional Design: A Plan for Unit and Course Development. The ideas behind the generation of the book stem from Kemp's realization that the future leaders and problem solvers of our society come from today's students. Kemp postulates "ideal outcomes of an effective instructional plan should not be only to teach..., but also to serve the specific needs as individuals." The foundation for solving the needs of individual learners is with planning and instruction. Questions of importance stated in the preface include "how do we define purposes, organize content, select learning methods, and utilize technological developments to meet the multiple needs of society and the individual learner in the best possible way?" Kemps' book offers realistic and practical answers to these important questions. His intended purpose is "to examine the design element of educational innovation." Kemp begins the piece with an opportunity for the reader to reflect on whether or not they feel this book can benefit them. He offers a series of thought provoking questions aimed at educators and planners in an effort to excite and entice them into turning the next page. The book provides the planner with some grass roots practical methods of how to go about the instructional design process in order to reach the diverse desired outcomes of educational programs. Throughout Kemp's book, he mentions the importance of flexibility, which is still the paramount feature of successful educational programs today. This book provides educators and planners a "fresh approach to planning or revising a unit of study," and has implications for the novice as well as more experienced instructional designers. The instructional design plan originated from awareness that the learning process is a dynamic and ever changing complexity of human experience. Knowledge about how we learn and the development of new technologies has driven planners and educators into an era of exploration in an effort to find new innovative ways to plan curriculum and improve delivery. "Somewhere between the traditional method of curriculum planning and the total application of the systems approach lies a realistic plan for designing improved instruction that may be applicable today by instructional staffs at any school." Kemp outlines the key elements in his instructional design approach and suggests that it is applicable to single subjects, as well as complete departments or grade programs. Elements of the instructional design plan include topics and general purposes, student characteristics, learning objectives, student content, pre-test, teaching/learning activities and resources to include support services, and evaluation. Kemp's purpose for writing Instructional Design
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