During the early twentieth century, a neo-humanist education reform burgeoned in Spain. Building upon the new science of child study, known as paidology, Spanish educators joined colleagues around the world in reading works by Mar?a Montessori, ?douard Clapar?de, Jean Piaget, John Dewey and other pioneers. Intellectuals such as Miguel de Unamuno, Jos? Ortega y Gasset and contemporaries sought to contrast a degraded, positivist pedagogy with a humanistic,...