Early in the twentieth century, arguments about "nature" and "nurture" pitted a rigid genetic determinism against the idea that genes were flexible and open to environmental change. This book tells the story of three Viennese biologists--Paul Kammerer, Julius Tandler, and Eugen Steinach--who sought to show how the environment could shape heredity through the impact of hormones. It also explores the dynamic of failure through both scientific and social...