Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI) program, established in 1995, currently covers more than 99 % of the country's legal residents [18]. The NHI Research Database (NHIRD), which contains registration files and original claim data from reimbursement, is one of the largest administrative healthcare databases in the world [18]. It provides patient identification number, gender, age, date of visit, length of hospitalization, prescribed medica-tion,...