Thomas Gray (1716-1771) had the misfortune to be a poet at a time when English poetry was struggling with an aching question: how to preserve continuity with the great tradition of Spenser, Shakespeare, and Milton, yet avoid being merely echoes of them. A deep admirer of Milton, Gray emulated not only the great poet's subjects and diction, but his life as well. Although Gray turned to Milton for reminders of the heights to which all poetry might strive,...