This book is about the 1604 supernova and presents the translation of key documents discussing this astronomical event in Italy. Only seven Galactic supernovae visible to the naked eye are documented, with the 1604 event, the last in history, profoundly impacting astronomy, cosmology, and culture in general. The 1604 supernova challenged the prevailing belief in the unchanging nature of stars. Astronomers like Galileo and Kepler, alongside counterparts...