From Jesus to Christ: The Origins of the New Testament Images of Christ

by Paula Fredriksen

Book Overview

How did Jesus of Nazareth become the Christ of the Christian tradition?

"Magisterial. . . . A learned, brilliant and enjoyable study."--G za Verm s, Times Literary Supplement

"Brilliant and lucidly written, full of original and fascinating insights."--Reginald H. Fuller, Journal of the American Academy of Religion

"This is a first-rate work of a first-rate historian."--James D. Tabor, Journal of Religion...

• Format: Paperback
• Language: English
• ISBN: 0300084579
• ISBN13: 9780300084573
• Release Date: July 2000
• Publisher: Yale University Press
• Length: 288 Pages
• Weight: 0.50 lbs.
• Dimensions: 0.6" x 5.0" x 7.6"

Customer Reviews

From Jesus to Christ to a world religion

It is a scholarly work in the quest of historic Jesus. He was a patriot laid down his life on Roman capital punishment of nailing on the cross in protest the injustice and brutal ruling of the Holy Roman Empire. How a group of his Jewish followers refused his death and kept him alive in their hearts. Saul became Paul and talked about the good news for eternal life in heaven to convert. Believers will be saved? You will find answers from her. Amen

From Jesus to Christ

"From Jesus to Christ" is the best single volume introduction to Christian origins ive come across. Fredriksen writes with a lively, intelligent and sometimes humorous style that keeps the readers attention through even some of the more mundane material. The books primary strength is the way it covers all the bases by showing not only the historical Jesus but his world and the evolving traditions about him. Most of its kind simply focus on the life of Jesus without giving the overall context of the Church in which the traditions were devloping. Part 1 begins by describing the Hellenistic NT world, the result of Alexanders conquests, showing both Pagan and Jewish versions. Next, Fredriksen shows the NT images of Christ from the latest, Johns "Logos", to the earliest, Pauls apocalyptic cosmic redeemer. Part II describes Jesus's context, the world of Second Temple Judaism and gives her view of the historical Jesus whose death as a insurgent is best explained by his role as an apocalyptic prophet. Part III shows the developing Christ through the tradition and teaching of the Church after the original resurrection experience The book also contains a helpful glossary and suggested reading section for those new to the material.

THE seminal work on historical Jesus

If you only read one book on the historical Jesus this should be it. Although I think that Fredriksen oversteps in her analysis in a few cases, overall her analysis and conclusions are right on the money. She is one of the best New Testament scholars working in the field and her careful presentation of the evidence and support for her conclusions is strong and reliable. Her reasoning is exceptionally careful and for the most part simply allows the text to speak for itself with exceptional clarity.Fredriksen first lays out the world of the New Testament. A brief introduction on the nature of the documents and the challenges that they present begins her discussion. For those who have done a careful reading of the gospels it is apparent that there are minor as well as significant differences between them. Far from being slight changes to previous copies, they represent different understandings of who Jesus was. In many cases they represent vastly different conceptions of theology, and the future for the followers of the risen Jesus. One must delve deep into the documents with an understanding of their history and transmission in order to gain a clear perspective on this. She has done this precisely and the reader is the one who benefits from her work. Extremely helpful for understanding this is a comprehension of the Hellenistic world that Jesus was born into, the enduring legacy of Alexander's conquests that we ourselves live in the shadow of to this day. History often turns on a dime and vast changes for posterity sometimes depend on the smallest of events: the birth and rise of Alexander of Macedon is one such event.Fredriksen moves backward in time, beginning with the highly developed esoteric Christology in the gospel of John at the turn of the century back to the very Jewish, earthy, eschatological Mark, written between 65 and 75 AD. Carefully laying out the evidence of the texts, Fredriksen incisively reasons a very likely history of the development of the ideas of Jesus and takes us back to the most probable reconstruction of who the man of history truly was. She then evaluates Paul, who represents a sort of anomaly compared to the gospel development and demonstrates that the theological development wasn't necessarily as smooth a trajectory as one would presume. In order to gain a proper understanding of the context all this takes place in and why indeed it even occurs one must have a modicum of knowledge about the history of Israel, and the development of messianism that began with the experience of the Babylonian Exile and the subsequent influence of Persian religious ideas on historical Judaism. Indeed it was this time, from the sixth century through the second, that proved formative to Jewish ideas, which when mixed with Hellenism produced the Christian religion that we know today, which subsequently greatly influenced Islam. (What an amazing time in history!) This book describes that process. For a more complete analy

Excellent coverage of a little-known phenomenon

It may be true that modern Christian theology is the correct interpretation of the life and teachings of the man who lived 2,000 years ago. This interpretation, though, is only one of many that co-existed the first century. Indeed, a perusal of both New Testament and accompanying writings of the day show an intense battle among various factions - all claiming to represent attempting to set the agenda.Fridrekson argues that what we perceive as the basic Christian message came about over time through compromise, cultural wars and sheer power politics. The split between Christians and Jews was presetn as soon as Jesus was deemed "God". The idea of a god impregnating a human woman is mythological and was (and is) deemed heretical by Jews. They never thought the Messiah would be divine nor that his rule would include Gentiles. This set the stage for two millenia of Jewish persecution. Indeed, one of the first acts of the Church was to ban the Ebionites, a group of Jewish believer in Jesus who did not consider him divine.A contradiction in the New Testament is present if one knows the date of origin: The earlier the book, the less that was known of the life of Jesus. The first books (Paul's works) show a remarkable lack of knowledge. Mark (written next) starts at manhood while Luke and Matthew go back to the birth. John, the last written, starts at the Beginning of the Universe. This process became static only when a conference of Christian bishops voted not only on Orthodox theology but on approved Scripture.This is an important, well-researched work that should demand more attention.

Typical Fredriksen: Sane and Erudite

Before "Jesus of Nazareth: King of the Jews" there was "From Jesus to Christ". In fact, Paula Fredriksen wrote this book 11 years previously to her recently acclaimed tome. This book is the more "theological" of the two, being a discussion of the New Testament portraits of Jesus whereas her more recent book is a study of the historical Jesus. This is not the latter whilst simultaneously being a useful way to get into it. Thus the sequence of Fredriksen's books is understandable.Fredriksen is a responsible scholar. She has a smooth and erudite manner which shows a sharp and attentive grasp of her subject. This book shows a clear and concise understanding of the Greco-Roman world and the Jewish world alike as the background to the New Testament. Her discussions of Paul and the Gospels, while not assauging the reader's questions, provide meaty treatments which repay reading. For readers who have her recent book this is the perfect companion to it. For readers who want a solid exposition of the New Testament world and the way the New Testament writers relate their images of Jesus, this is the perfect book for that too, providing simple, yet never simplistic, readings of the images of Jesus provided by the Gospels and Paul.

Thorough, balanced, insightful

I have read several other books from the "historic Jesus" genre. Because this book is thorough and balanced, I consider it the best I have read so far. In fact, I have used it as the basis for sorting out fair interpretation from biased speculation among the other books I have read. This book is not the easiest read; it sits on the cusps of popular writing on the subject as well as more purely academic research, and that means it takes patience and commitment to get through. But the commitment is worth it.