A free spirit, Friedrich Nietzsche wrote, is someone who "thinks otherwise than is expected of him in consideration of his origin, surroundings, position, and office, or by reason of the prevailing contemporary views" (Human, All Too Human,1878). As the German philosopher saw it, one must seek to become "untimely" and remain a "stranger" to one's time in order to question its premises. This view to states of alienation unites the positions of fourteen...