This Primer covers the foundations of spectroscopy at a level suitable for first year chemistry undergraduates. Mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction, along with traditional spectroscopic techniques: i.r., n.m.r. and u.v. -visible spectroscopy are covered. The essential physical principles of each method are introduced, and many examples of spectral analysis provided. Problems, and further reading are also included. This Primer is designed to reflect...