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In 1648, Europe was reeling from the destabilizing effects of religious conflict, economic change, and social upheaval. The issues that divided the Church in the late Middle Ages had forced Europeans to choose sides in a bitter and bloody Catholic/Protestant conflict. A powerful... Read Full Overview

In 1648, Europe was reeling from the destabilizing effects of religious conflict, economic change, and social upheaval. The issues that divided the Church in the late Middle Ages had forced Europeans to choose sides in a bitter and bloody Catholic/Protestant conflict. A powerful... Read Full Overview

Europe, 1648-1815 is a concise narrative of an exciting age in the history of Europe. It surveys the political, economic, social, and cultural events of the period, from the rise of absolutism to the campaigns of Napoleon, and from the creation of a European empire in the Americas... Read Full Overview