Essays on Self-Reference

By Niklas Luhmann

Book Overview

Luhmann (sociology, U. of Bielefield, Germany) argues that there is no individuality as seen from the outside--only self-referential individuality. This means that cells and societies, maybe even physical atoms, are all individuals. Conscious systems--which can conceive of the identity of the difference between themselves and society--have no exceptional status in the author's view. He examines social systems, communication, religion, art, politics, and law.

• Format: Hardcover
• Language: English
• ISBN: 0231063687
• ISBN13: 9780231063685
• Release Date: October 1990
• Publisher: Columbia University Press
• Length: 245 Pages
• Weight: 1.10 lbs.
• Dimensions: 0.9" x 6.5" x 9.2"
• Grade Range: Postsecondary and higher