Few Western scholars of the Middle East have exerted such profound influence as Edward William Lane. Lane's Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians (1836), which has never gone out of print, remains as a highly authoritative study of Middle Eastern society. His annotated translation of the Arabian Nights (1839-41) retains a devoted readership. Lane's recently recovered and published Description of Egypt (2000) shows that he was...