1.Introduction.- 2.District heating and cogeneration in the eu-28: current situation, potential and proposed energy strategy for its generalisation.- 3.Cogeneration and district heating networks: measures to remove institutional and financial barriers that restrict their joint use in the eu-28.- 4.Reconciliation of social discount rates and private finance initiative: application to district heating networks in the eu-28.- 5.Evaluation of the cost of using power plant reject heat in low-temperature district heating and cooling networks.- 6.Conclusions.- 7.References.