When Hamlet complains that Guildenstern would pluck out the heart of my mystery, he imagines an encounter that recurs insistently in the discourses of early modern England: the struggle by one man to discover the secrets in another's heart. Elizabeth Hanson examines the records of state torture, plays by Shakespeare and Jonson, cony-catching pamphlets and Francis Bacon's philosophical writing to demonstrate a reconceptualizing of the subject in both...