This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Descriptional Complexity of Formal Systems, DCFS 2014, held in Turku, Finland, in August 2014. The 27 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 35 submissions. The conference dealt with the following topics: Automata, grammars, languages and other formal systems; various modes of operation and complexity measures; trade-offs between computational...