In 1886, the state-of-the-art surgery room of Truman W. Miller, MD, in Chicago's first children's hospital had no electric lights, no antibiotics, limited equipment, and only the most rudimentary anesthesia. This renowned surgeon served on a voluntary basis as president of an all-volunteer medical staff from 1882 to 1900. The hospital opened in 1882 as an eight-bed cottage in Lincoln Park, when pediatrics was in its infancy. It was at the forefront...