For the period of 1887 to 1933, approximately 90 million acres of tribal land went out of tribal ownership. By 1934, the then-Commissioner of Indian Affairs, John Collier, stated that tribal lands had been diminished by 80 percent, and the value of tribal lands had decreased 85 percent. When Congress enacted the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, it represented a fundamental shift away from the United States' failed policies of the 19th century. America...