In May 1962, as the struggle for civil rights heated up in the United States and leaders of the Catholic Church prepared to meet for Vatican Council II, Pope John XXIII named the first black saint of the Americas, the Peruvian Mart n de Porres (1579-1639), and designated him the patron of racial justice. The son of a Spanish father and a former slavewoman from Panam , Mart n served a lifetime as the barber and nurse at the great Dominican monastery...