For over 40 years, the people of Indonesia's Riau Archipelago resented what they saw as "colonial" control by Mainland Sumatra. In 1999, when the post-authoritarian state committed to democ- racy and local autonomy, they saw their chance to lobby for the region to be returned to its "native" Malays. In 2004, the islands officially became Riau Islands Province. This book explores what happened next.