Since the foundation of Kodokan Judo, hitting techniques (Atemi waza) have formed an indivisible part of the judo technical curriculum. In the early days of the Kodokan, atemi waza was practiced relatively frequently and all students with a certain level were taught on the art of attacking vital points. These were even taught in schools, training centers, factories and workplaces, adapting the methodology for this purpose. Judo has changed a lot since...