During the 12th to 14th centuries, the politically fragmented Italian peninsula was torn by constant wars between rival powers: German rulers of the Holy Roman Empire, striving to tame the independent ambitions of rich cities in the north; an expanding central state created by the Papacy; and a Norman kingdom in the south, where Anjou and Aragon also intervened. This book explains the developing organization of all these armies, including those of Frederick Barbarossa, the Lombard League, and Emperor Frederick II - 'the Wonder of the World'. It is illustrated with period paintings, photos of reconstructed troop types, and full colour plates. Book jacket.
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