Albucasis was born near C?rdoba in al-Andalus, the center of a flourishing culture of science and philosophy. There, the two disciplines often complimented one another as traditional Islamic theology and law were embraced alongside the secular sciences. Among the many Islamic physicians and scientists who advanced medical science in their lifetimes, Albucasis would codify the art of surgery in an encyclopedic work, al-Tasrif, that it is still read...