In this study, the role of several imaging techniques in diagnosing atherosclerosis, assessment of myocardial ischemia, myocardial viability, and heart failure are broadly discussed. The issues derived from cardiac PET are presented in relation to the conventional techniques, such as echocardiography, SPECT and MRI. In addition, newer imaging techniques such as intracoronary ultrasound, electron beam computed tomography, and Raman spectroscopy are...