""A Vindication of Italy and the Papal States"" is a book written by Nicholas Patrick Wiseman in 1857. The book is a defense of the Papal States, which were under attack at the time by Italian nationalists who sought to unify Italy and expel foreign powers. Wiseman argues that the Papal States were a legitimate and necessary part of Italy's political and social fabric, and that their existence was essential to the preservation of Italian culture and...